(1) Business may violate privacy or ethical rights without realizing it in many ways such as Spamming and Cookies.
Spam
Spam can be refers to unsolicited commercial email (UCE) and unsolicited bulk email (UBE). Spammers collect email addresses in many ways. For example, they regularly use some search engines to harvest email addresses automatically from web pages, newsgroups, bulletin boards, directory services ... on the Internet. They send spam to advertise products/services and recruit victims for scams.
Cookies
Cookies are small text files used on most commercial web sites. The files are sent from a web server to a web site user's computer and are stored on the hard drive, so that when the user visits the web site again, the site will remember him. It is less privacy and not safety since stranger can get your personal data to do some illegal activities.
(2) In order to avoid spamming and cookies, user are advised to safeguard their email address. For example, they should not disclose your email address when filling questionnaires from unknown organizations. Also, user can setup their server-side mail filters or installed with anti-relaying control to prevent their data.
Also, people was suggested to use the opt-out model in some serach engine such as yahoo acoount. When user create an yahoo account, they need to opt-out of those offers and marketing communication by unchecking the boxes.
Spamming is definitely one way that businesses may violate privacy or ethical rights without realizing it.
回覆刪除Cookies are not exactly unethical, but it is unethical when a business is able to combine cookies from multiple web sites to build a comprehensive profile of a user's behavior and interests. The online advertising network Doubleclick planned to do this back in 2001 but were prevented due to privacy concerns.
You may also say that businesses should adopt opt-in model of information collection. This means they must wait for the user to give their consent/permission by ticking on a box rather than checking all the boxes for them beforehand.